英语（一）
附参考答案及课程考试说明
I.根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词性写出相应的英语单词，每条短线上写一个字母。该词的首字每已给出。（10%）
1.值得的 a. w_ _ _ _
2.认识:熟人 n. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3.保证,担保 n./v. g_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4.挫败,使灰心 v. f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5.足够的,充分的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6.分离,分离的 v./a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _
7.长久的,永久的 a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8.耕作;培养 v. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9.然而,可是 ad. h_ _ _ _ _ _
10.最后的,结局的 a. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _
11.证明,证实 v. p_ _ _ _
12.忍受的,宽容的 a. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _
13.抵抗,阻力 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14.现象,迹象 n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15.显然的,表面的 a. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _
16.使结合,使成一体 v. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
17.无用的 a. u_ _ _ _ _ _
18.变化,变更 n. v_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19.以前的,早先的 a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _
20.不同,相异 n. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
II.根据句子的意思将括号中的词变成适当的形式填入空格。（10%）
1.It is advisable that he _______________ (be) sent there immediately.
2.London _____________________(always,know) for its "black fogs".
3. __________________(sting) eyes and dry coughs show that harmful chemicals fill the air.
4.They ________________________(arrive) earlier if there had been no storm.
5.The municipal government has no choice but __________________(lay) the facts before the public as they are.
6.The problems we discussed at the meeting last time were quite _________________(trouble).
7.Tom made too many mistakes in the exam yesterday.He ____________________________(should,be) more careful.
8.The holidays________________________ (be) over,they began to get down to do their work again.
9.Please give us your reply at your ___________________(early) convenience.
10. ____________________________ (not do) it right,Jane tried in some other way.
III.根据句子的意思选择正确的答案，并把其字母填在题前的括号内。（10%）
(_______) 1.There are two possible explanations to ________ the change in speed,but we don't know which one is right.
A.account to
B.account for
C.account on
D.account of
(______ ) 2._________ for his help, we couldn't have overcome the difficulties.
A.Weren't it
B.Hadn't it been
C.Had it not been
D.Without it
(______ ) 3.It was ________ for Jim to finish the test paper within an hour because there were too many new words in it.
A.out of question
B.without question_
C.no question
D.out of the question
(______ ) 4.It is in Iran ________ the family members participate in the wedding preparations.
A.that
B.where
C.in which
D.there
(______ ) 5.________ put down the receiver _______ the telephone rang again.
A.Scarcely had she ... than
B.Scarcely did she ... than
C.She scarce had ... than
D.Scarce had she ... than
(______ ) 6.He had been interested in history since his childhood,so he specialized _______ history when he was in college.
A.on
B.at
C.for
D.in
(______ )7.The meeting ended _________ his lecture on high education.
A.up in
B.by
C.up with
D.up
(______ ) 8._________, he was not able to work out the puzzle.
A.However he tried hard
B.Whatever he tried hard
C.However hard he tried
D.How hard he tried
(______ ) 9._________ such enormous danger,he still remained as calm as usual.
A.In the face of
B.In face of
C.In the face with
D.In face with
(______ )10.This is one of the most wonderful songs______ I have ever heard.
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.then
IV.下面的句子中每个句子都有四处划有横线并标以A、B、C、D，其中有一处是错误的。指出你认为错误之处，并把其字母填在题前的括号内。（10%）
（_____ ）1.Although Americans have different views on many issues,they tend to agreeing on one subject:taxes are too high.
A B C D
(______ ) 2.Many primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for himself.
A B C D
(______ ) 3.Telecommunication can make information from around the world is avaiable to use quickly and easily,but some people worry that this may be a risk to our privacy.
A B C D
(______ ) 4.The purpose of the experiment is to determination how long a time seeds can be buried in the ground and still grow when proper conditions for growth exist.
A B C D
(______ ) 5.Define a word,then,the dictionary editor places before him the stack of cards illustrating that word;each of the cards represents an actual use of the word by a writer of some literary or historical importance.
A B C D
(______ ) 6.Restaurants have smoking and non-somoking sections,and most smokers are enough polite to ask,"Do you mind if I smoke "before lighting up.
A B C D
(______ ) 7.In the past,people tended to think that it was sufficient for good health to have a good doctor who could be relied on to know exactly that to do when they became ill.
A B C D
(______ ) 8.Extinction is the fate of any animal that has specialized too far to change when its environment changes,or have to compete with a better adapted and more powerful animal.
A B C D
( _______ ) 9.Red may be an exciting and active color,but one researcher says that time seems to pass more slowly in a room with warm colors that in a room with cool colors.
A B C D
( _______ ) 10.The balance of nature is too delicate on the tundra that even minor disurbances may produce major changes in the environment.
A B C D
V.本题共有三段短文，每段短文后面有三至四道小题，共计十道小题。每道小题都有四个选择项。找出你认为正确的答案，并把其字母填在题前的括号内。（20%）
Passage 1
Researchers have found that REM(rapid eye movement) sleep is important to human beings.Thistype of sleep generally occurs four or five times during one night of sleep,lasting five minutesto forty mimutes for each occurrence.The deeper a person's sleep becomes,the longer the periodsof rapid eye movement.
There are physical changes in the body to show that a person has changed from NREM(non-rapid eye movement) to REM sleep.Breathing becomes faster,the heart rate increases,and,as the name implies,the eyes begin to move quickly.
Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic of REM sleep.It is during REM sleep that a person dreams.
( )1.According to the passage,how often does REM sleep occur in one night?
A.Once
B.Twice
C.Four or five times
D.Forty times
( )2.The word "deeper" in pagragraph 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A.Heavier
B.Louder
C.Stronger
D.Happier
( )3.Which of the following shows that a person is NOT dreaming in his sleep?
A.His eyes begin to move.
B.His bueathing becomes faster.
C.His heart rate increases.
D.His eyes stop moving.
( )4.The subject of this passage is .
A.why people sleep
B.the human need for REM sleep
C.the characteristics of REM sleep
D.physical changes in the human body
Passage 2
Eating habits change from generation to generation.Before scientists learned about vitamins and other constituents of food, such as proteins and carbohydrates(碳水化合物),people believed in eating large quantities of food and were not concerned so much about a balanced diet. A hearty eighteenth century meal could consist of as many as twenty courses and would probably knock out many of us today! The Romans were famous for their enormous feasts and insatiable appetites.
In the year 2020 people's eating habits may be just as surprising but in a very different sort of way. With a world-wide growth in population, food production will become exclusively mechanical and scientific. There may well be an end to food as we know it today. Meals, as we know them may become a thing of the past. Food constituents and vitamins may be taken in the form of capsules(胶囊), tablets and pills. The thought of these highly artificial food constituents replacing present day foods may not be very attractive, but they may be the answer to food shortage and world famine.
( )5.According to the passage, people in the eighteenth century .
A.were stronger B.were richer
C.had better appetites D.believed in eating more
( )6.The word "enormous" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A.delicious
B.friendly
C.attractive
D.plenty
( )7.Which of the following may be the best answer to food shortage and world famine?
A.The discovery of proteins and carbohydrates.
B.The production of artificial food constituents.
C.People's concern of a balanced diet.
D.The invention of capsules, tablets and pills.
Passage 3
Today we do not measure the speed of computer functions in minutes,or in seconds,or even in hundredths(1/100) or thousandths(1/1000) of seconds. We measure the speed of computers in billionthsof seconds. We call one billionth of a second a nansecond.
Computers were not always so fast, of course. In fact, at one time, the human mind could perform calculations faster than a computer. Let us look briefly at the development of the computer. We will see that the Computer Revolution happened only when computers developed their incredible speed.
In 1833, Charles Babbage built his "analytical engine", the first computing machine. His colleague, Augusta Ada, the Countess of Lovelace, continued Babbage's work. She became the first programmer in history. Fifty years later, Herman Hollerith designed a machine that counted automatically. This machine was used to count the number of people in the United States for the 1890 census. It used a system of punch cards. Hollerith's company,by the way, eventually became IBM(International Business Machines).
The first large digital computer was built by IBM in 1944. It was called the Mark I. Then in 1947,IBM built the Mark II.Today we cannot imagine how slow these computers were,just as we cannot imagine how fast modern computers were, just as we cannot imagine how fast modern computers are. These computers needed one or two seconds to perform one calculation.In these same years, electronic computers developed.They were much faster than the huge, slow Mark I and Mark II. ENIAC is the name of the first all-electronic computer, built in 1944 and 1945. The world was amazed to learn the speed of this computer:5,000 additions per second,and 300 multiplications per second. Today we smile at these "slow" speeds.
Then in 1960 the real"revolution" began with the introduction of integrated circuits. Today,thousands of transistor circuits can fit on one small silicon chip. As a result, we now measure the speed of computers in nanoseconds.
( )8.According to the passage,which of the following is the most important feature of a modern computer?
A.Its small size.
B.Its analytical power.
C.Its incredible speed.
D.Its system of punch cards.
( )9.What brought about the speed of computers in nanoseconds?
A.The invention of digital computer.
B.The introduction of integrated circuits.
C.The design of an automatic counting machine.
D.The founding of Hollerith's IBM.
( )10.The best title for this passage would be ______.
A.The Computer and the silicon chip
B.The Computer Revolution: Birth of the Nanosecond
C.Five Thousand Additions in One Second
D.IBM: International Business Machines Corporation
VI.完形填空，并将所选答案之字母填在题前的括号内。（10%）
When you make up your mind to buy a house, most of the things you are concerned with are practical,(1) deciding whether you can afford it or the house is too (2) the station. You do not usually get the chance to (3) out about the neighbors before moving house. Flats are on the whole worse (4) houses from this point of view, but we have been lucky. When the old lady in the flat (5) we had a little boy,she was worried. ‘I hope he won't make too much noise',she said . Fortunately, the man underneath us has a full-time (6) in the city, so he doesn't hear Tom running up and down all day.His main interest is (7) the communal garden. He told us when we moved in that we were (8) for mowing the lawn once a month. The young couple who live on the same (9) as us are very friendly; their only fault is that they are very forgetful. The day we arrived,Joyce came to ask us if she could (10) a phone call to Dave at work. She had come out without her keys and couldn't get back into her flat.
( ) 1. A) as B) such C) like D) example
( ) 2. A) far to B) far away C) far from D) the far distance
( ) 3. A) find B) look C) see D) discover
( ) 4. A) over B) than C) if D) compare to
( ) 5. A) saw B) looked C) gave D) expected
( ) 6. A) job B) wage C) business D) employment
( ) 7. A) putting up B) sorting out C) looking after D) getting down to
( ) 8. A) interested B) careful C) thankful D) responsible
( ) 9. A) building B) level C) ground D) floor
( ) 10.A) do B) pay C) make D) reach
VII.将下面的短文译成汉语。（15%）
I discovered the worth of super-slow(超慢速) reading years ago. Formerly, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page,eager to know what came next. Now, I decided,I had to become a miser(吝啬者)with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar. I had started with the practical object of making my book last. But by the end of the second week I began to realize now much I was getting from super-slow reading itself. Sometimes just a particular phrase caught my attention, sometimes a sentence. I would read it slowly, analyze it, read it again, and then sit for twenty minutes thinking about it before moving on. I was like a pianist studying a piece of music, phrase by phrase, rehearsing(排练) it, trying to discover and recreate exactly what the composer was trying to convey.
VIII.将下面的句子译成英语。（15%）
1、我不去公园不是因为我不喜欢散步，而是因为我没有时间。
2、两国领导人的互访将有助于和平解决两国间的现存问题。
3、很多人，包括一些大学生，只花极少的时间寻求体魄健康。
4、毫无疑问，直到回到家里她才发现把自行车钥匙忘在办公室里了。
5、事实证明，父母的言行对孩子有很深的影响。
附一：英语（一）试卷参考答案
I.根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词性写出相应的英语单词，每条短线上写一个字母。该词的首字每已给出。（10%）
1. worth 2. acquaintance 3. guarantee
4. frustrate 5. sufficient 6. separate
7. permanent 8. cultivate 9. however
10. eventual 11. prove 12. tolerant
13. resistance 14. phenomenon 15. apparent
16. integrate 17. useless 18. variation
19. previous 20. difference
II.根据句子的意思将括号中的词变成适当的形式填入空格。（10%）
1. be
2. has always been known
3. Stinging
4. should have arrived
5. to lay
6. troublesome
7. should have been
8. being
9. earliest
10. Not having done
III.根据句子的意思选择正确的答案，并把其字母填在题前的括号内。（10%）
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A
6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C
IV.下面的句子中每个句子都有四处划有横线并标以A、B、C、D，其中有一处是错误的。指出你认为错误之处，并把其字母填在题前的括号内。（10%）
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A
6. C 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B
V.本题共有三段短文，每段短文后面有三至四道小题，共计十道小题。每道小题都有四个选择项。找出你认为正确的答案，并把其字母填在题前的括号内。（20%）
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D
6. D 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B
VI.完形填空，并将所选答案之字母填在题前的括号内。（10%）
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A
6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C
VII.将下面的短文译成汉语。（15%）
几年前我发现了超慢速阅读的价值所在。在那之前，我要是对一本书真感兴趣，我往往会一页页拼命往下翻，急于想知道下文的究竟。现在，我决定要象守财奴一样不轻易放过每一个词，要象穷人花身边最后一块钱一样尽力拖延读每个句子的速度。开始时我只是为了达到使书读得慢点这样实际的目的，但过了两星期我开始领略到超慢速阅读本身带给我的益处了。有时是某个短语吸引了我的注意力，有时又会是某句妙句。于是我就仔细阅读、分析揣摩、并重新再读然后静坐默思二十分钟，再接着往下看。我就象钢琴师在演绎一段音乐作品。一句句反复排练，竭力发掘并力图精确再现作曲家所要表达的真情实感。
VIII.将下面的句子译成英语。（15%）
1.The reason that I do not go to the park is not that I do not like going for a walk but that I have no time.
2.The visits between the leaders of the two countries will contribute to the peaceful solution to the existing problems.
3.Many people，including some university students，spend little time in pursuit of their physical health.
4.There was no doubt that she did not find she had left the key to the bicycle in her office until she went back home.
5.It is proved that parents' words and behaviors have a deed effect on their children.
附二： 全国高等教育自学考试《英语（一）》课程考试说明
本课程命题是以全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会制订的《英语（一）自学考试大纲》（含考核目标）和全国高等自学考试指导委员会组编的大学英语自学教程（上册）为依据，旨在考核应考者能否熟练掌握英语基础知识和语言技能，具备相应的阅读能力，英译汉以及汉译英能力。
本课程试题分为易、较易、较难、难四个等级，每份试卷中，四个等级所占比重分别为２０％、３０％、３０％、２０％。试题包括客观性和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分７０％和３０％。题型采用单词汉译英、填写语法形式、结构及文字表达、错误识别、阅读理解、完形填空、英译汉（短文）和汉译英（句子）八种。其中单词识别占１０％，填写语法形式占１０％，结构及文字表达占１０％，错误识别占１０％，阅读理解占２０％，完形填空占１０％，英译汉（短文）占１５％，汉译英（句子）占１５％。
本课程考试时间为１５０分钟。
题型举例如下：
一、根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词性写出相应的英语单词，每条短线上写一个字母。该词的首字母已给出。（１０％）
１．值得的 a. w _ _ _ _
二、根据句子的意思将括号中的词变成适当的形式填入空格。（１０％）
１．It is advisable that he ______(be) sent there immediately.
２．London _________(always,know) for its "black fogs".
三、根据句子的意思选择正确的答案。（１０％）
１．There are two possible explanation to ________ the change in speed,but we don't know which one is right.
A.account to
B.account for
C.account on
D.account of
２．_________ for his help, we couldn't have overcome the difficulties.
A.Weren't it
B.Hadn't it been
C.Had it not been
D.Without it
四、下面的句子中每个句子都有四处划有横线并标以Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ，其中有一处是错误的。指出你认为错误之处。（１０％）
１．Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agreeing on one subject: taxes are too high.
Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ
２．Many primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for himself.
Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ
五、本题共有三段短文，每段短文后面有三至四道小题，共计十道小题。每道小题都有四个选择项。找出你认为正确的答案。（２０％）
六、完形填空。（１０％）
七、将下面的短文译成汉语。（１５％）
八、将下面的句子译成英语。（１５％）
（注：所有答案都必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。）